Measurements of the electrical conductivity of materials such as 2D electron systems are carried out using low frequency A.C. measurements using 4 or 6 wire measurements and high sensitivity lock-in amplifiers.
The key low temperature instrumentation includes a device that can rotate the samples about a horizontal axis at low temperatures using a bellows activated by liquid 4He as shown below.
Explore our magnet schedule to see what exciting research is happening on our stellar fleet of instruments right now.
Last modified on 23 December 2022